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Petroleum Geochemistry (GEO67)

    Description

    This course starts with an introduction to petroleum geochemistry for the explorationist and underlines the uses of geochemical data. It covers origins of organic matter, organic matter preservation, fate and diagenesis, thermal maturity indicators, screening analysis, detailed analytical techniques, data interpretation, oil to oil and oil to source correlation, hydrocarbon gases and basin modelling basics. Case histories and example datasets will be discussed during the course.
    A number of differing techniques are introduced and assessed in this course. Extensive use of data and examples from basins worldwide are employed.
    This course also covers reservoir continuity assessment (both oil and gas, vertical and lateral), alteration of hydrocarbons within the reservoir, analysis of oil/gas/water within the reservoir, defining migration pathway and seal competency, and compartmentalisation of hydrocarbon accumulations.

    Course Level: Foundation
    Duration: 5 days
    Instructor: James Armstrong

    Designed for you, if you are...

    • A geologist, geophysicist or engineer working in development & production petroleum geology

    The course assumes a basic knowledge of geological principles, e.g. sedimentology / structural geology. Familiarity with basic petroleum geochemistry is useful but not essential.

    How we build your confidence

    • The course is integrated with practical exercises and real case studies to enhance the understanding of petroleum geochemical analytical techniques, data acquisition and data interpretation.
    • Extensive practical exercises and real case studies are conducted during the course to enhance the understanding of different techniques, their implementations and - importantly - some of the limitations of such data.

    The benefits from attending

    By the end of the course you will be able to:

    • Become familiar with the key analytical techniques of reservoir geochemistry
    • Evaluate the processes related to preservation of organic matter in sedimentary environments
    • Have an overview of characteristics of kerogen and petroleum and conversion of kerogen to hydrocarbons
    • Learn how key geochemical data are generated
    • Have a solid foundation for interpreting geochemical data from basic source rock characterisation to oil/oil and oil/source correlation
    • Become familiar with some of the basic concepts of maturity modelling
    • Integrate data with conceptual models to develop interpretation
    • Through practical sessions learn how to handle different types of data and especially the limitations of each type of analyses and the benefits of integration of differing types of data
    • Examine in detail how geochemical data can be used in recognising and assessing reservoir continuity, alteration with reservoir, migration pathways and compartmentalised accumulations
    • Have an overview of other techniques not directly related to hydrocarbons (metal and water analyses)

    Topics

    Introduction Organic Matter in the Natural world
    • Review of differing types of organic matter and kerogen
      - Origins of differing types of organic matter
      - Diagenesis of organic matter and conversion to hydrocarbons via kerogen
      - Basic chemistry of hydrocarbons
    • Basic Analytical Techniques
      - Total Organic Carbon Analysis (TOC)
      - Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Analysis
      - Kerogen Typing
    • Data Exercise: West African Well Data
      - Review of TOC, Pyrolysis and Kerogen data from three well drilled in West Africa plus additional data for comparison from other wells in South America
    • Mapping Exercise
      - Mapping Exercise using TOC and Pyrolysis data from 20 wells

    Thermal Maturity Determination
    • Review of differing analytical techniques employed in the determination of thermal maturity
      - Pyrolysis Tmax
      - Vitrinite Reflectance
      - Spore Colour Index
      - Thermal Alteration Index
      - Other methods of thermal maturity determination
      - Introduction of the concept of basin modelling
    • Thermal Maturity Exercise
      - Interpretation of datasets from wells with worldwide distribution

    Calculation of Original Potential of Source Rocks
    • Integration with basic analytical techniques
    • Mapping Exercise
      - Mapping of thermal maturity data
      - Recalculation of original potential using initial TOC/Pyrolysis data

    Advanced Analytical Techniques
    • Key analyses
      - Gas Chromatography
      - GC-MS
      - Carbon Isotopes
      - CSIA
    • Appalachian Basin Exercise
      - Data from different locations with a more complex geochemical dataset - gas chromatography, SARA, light hydrocarbon data, carbon isotopes

    Migration Connectivity Compartmentalisation
    • Using an number of worldwide examples look at how these aspects can be recognised and analysed using geochemical data
    • Connectivity & Compartmentalisation Exercise
      - Iran - lateral connectivity (C1-C4, GC-MS, Carbon Isotopes)
      - Norway - Vertical Connectivity (C1-C4, Gas Chromatography)
      - USA - Compartmentalisation (Gas Chromatography, GC-MS)

    In Reservoir Alteration
    • Biodegradation of oil
    • Gravity segregation
    • Commingling
    • Gas stripping
    • Asphaltene flocculation
    • Beauford Sea Exercise - Biodegradation (mainly gas chromatography)
    • Liverpool Bay Exercise - Commingling and Correlation (Gas Chromatography, CG-MS, CSIA)

    Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Gases
    • Use of C1-C5 gas analysis
    • Gasoline range hydrocarbons
    • Carbon isotope analysis of gases
    • Light Hydrocarbon Dataset Exercise - Libya:
      - Correlation, degradation, mixing (C1-C5 data, carbon isotopes). A more challenging exercise.

    Introduction to Basin Modelling
    • Introduction to basin modelling integrating geochemical data


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