Description

Designed for you, if you are...

• A production or reservoir engineer
• A HF field supervisor or engineer
• A geologist or geophysicist

How we build your confidence

• This course will be presented using slides with animations and videos on relevant issues
• Teaching methods include calculations on related topics
• Multiple real-world examples of actual fracturing programs will be presented for practical insight

The benefits from attending

• The principles and applications of formation fracturing
• How to design and implement hydraulic fracturing operations effectively
• Environmental and regulatory challenges associated with fracturing
• Frac job design
• Selection of additives
• Selection of surface equipment
• Main parameters and KPI’s for a successful fracking operation

Topics

• Introduction to hydraulic fracturing
  - Objectives and history
  - Economic and production rationale
  - Overview of conventional vs. unconventional applications
• Geomechanics essentials
  - Understanding reservoir types and characteristics
  - In-situ stress determination and implications for fracture design
  - Identifying formations suitable for fracturing
• Fracture geometry and propagation mechanics
  - Types of fractures: bi-wing, complex, T-shaped
  - Fracture propagation and behaviour
  - Fracture modelling overview: PKN, KGD, and radial models
• Diagnostics and evaluation methods
  - Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT)
  - Understanding the concept of mini frac
  - Data acquisition for fracture design

• Fracturing fluids chemistry
  - Types of fracturing fluids: water-based, oil-based, and foam-based fluids
  - Fracture propagation and fluid mechanics
  - Viscous, slickwater and hybrid systems
  - Fluid additives: gelling agents, breakers, crosslinkers, etc.
  - Fluid selection for sandstone vs. carbonate
• Proppant selection and transport
  - Proppant types: sand, resin-coated, ceramic
  - Proppant transport mechanics and settling
• Fluid-rock interaction
  - Fluid leak-off and filtration
  - Fluid compatibility with formation minerals
  - Damage mechanisms: clay swelling, fines migration
• Fracturing equipment and operations
  - Surface equipment layout and required safety principles
  - Real-time monitoring and control
  - Pressure matching and treating schedule execution
  - Calculate the horsepower requirement for the job

• Characteristics of sandstone reservoirs
  - Mineralogy, porosity and permeability
  - Natural fractures and heterogeneity
  - Influence of formation damage and water sensitivity
• Sandstone fracture design
  - Fluid and proppant strategies for sandstones
  - Acid fracturing vs. propped fracturing in tight sandstones
  - Formation damage mitigation during fracturing
• Case Studies and design exercises
  - Pre-fracturing preparation and site assessment
  - Safety considerations during fracturing operation
  - Sensitivity analysis: fluid rate, viscosity, proppant size
  - Field case study on tight sandstone fracturing
• Fracture conductivity and post-frac cleanup
  - Conductivity testing methods
  - Factors affecting long-term conductivity
  - Post-frac flowback strategies

• Characteristics of carbonate formations
  - Lithology: limestone vs. dolomite
  - Natural fractures and matrix complexity
  - High-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) considerations
• Acid fracturing design principles
  - Acid selection: HCl, emulsified, gelled acids
  - Reaction kinetics and acid penetration
  - Wormholing and etching mechanisms
• Case studies and design exercises
  - Deep carbonate fracturing case studies
  - Etching pattern analysis and acid placement simulation
  - Designing acid-frac jobs under high-temperature conditions
• Zonal Isolation and Multi-Stage Acid Fracturing
  - Mechanical and chemical diversion techniques
  - Ball-drop and plug-and-perf methods
  - Multi-Stage Acid Fracturing execution and downhole equipment

• Frac packs
  - Types of frac packs and application in well stimulation and sand control
• Refracturing and unconventional applications
  - Fracturing in shale formations
  - Candidate selection criteria
  - Refracturing in mature sandstone and carbonate wells
  - Economic evaluation and risk management
• Operational challenges and risk management
  - Environmental and regulatory considerations
• Final Workshop and assessment
• Group project: full fracture design for sandstone and carbonate wells
• Oral presentations and peer review
• Final assessment and feedback

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