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Geothermal Geology & Hydrogeology (GEO77)

    Description

    Understanding geothermal geology and hydrogeology is essential for the successful exploration, development, and management of geothermal resources. This course provides a detailed examination of the geological and hydrogeological processes that control geothermal energy systems. Participants will learn about geological structures and heat sources that contribute to geothermal potential, as well as reservoir formation, permeability, and the key controls on fluid movement and heat extraction.
    Hydrogeological modelling will be introduced to support understanding of groundwater flow in geothermal systems. The role of geochemistry and mineralogy in maintaining reservoir sustainability will also be explored. Additionally, the course will highlight the differences between hard rock and sedimentary geothermal systems and their implications for drilling and development.
    The course will also cover key geothermal resource exploration techniques, including geophysical surveys, geochemical analysis, and remote sensing methods, providing participants with practical tools to identify and assess geothermal prospects.
    By the end of the course, participants will be able to assess geothermal potential, evaluate reservoir characteristics, and apply geological and hydrogeological principles to optimise geothermal projects.

    Course Level: Skill / Advanced
    Duration: 4 days
    Instructor: Lucy Cotton or Helen Robinson

    Designed for you, if you are...

    • A geologist or geophysicist involved in geothermal exploration
    • A reservoir engineer or hydrogeologist analysing geothermal resources
    • A drilling engineer or project developer planning geothermal wells
    • A government and regulatory professional assessing geothermal resource policies
    • An investor or environmental consultant evaluating geothermal projects

    How we build your confidence

    • Instructor-led technical sessions covering real-world case studies
    • Step-by-step guidance on geothermal resource assessment
    • Hands-on exercises and mapping activities
    • Hydrogeological modelling practice using industry standard tools
    • Comparative analysis of hard rock vs. sedimentary geothermal systems

    The benefits from attending

    By the end of the course you will be able to:
    • Understand the geological and hydrogeological processes that govern geothermal systems
    • Differentiate between hard rock and sedimentary geothermal reservoirs and their unique characteristics
    • Apply exploration techniques to assess geothermal potential
    • Analyse hydrogeological and geochemical properties of geothermal fluids
    • Develop conceptual models of geothermal systems for resource assessment
    • Understand reservoir sustainability and how to manage fluid flow and heat extraction

    Topics

    Introduction to Geothermal Geology & Reservoir Formation
    • Fundamentals of geothermal energy & heat flow
    • Understanding geothermal heat sources
    • Heat flow within the earth - conduction, convection, and advection
    • Radioactive decay and magmatic heat sources
    • Heat transfer mechanisms in the subsurface

    Geothermal Systems & Their Geological Settings
    • Hydrothermal vs. Petrothermal systems - key differences
    • Classification of geothermal resources (high-enthalpy vs. low-enthalpy)
    • Plate tectonics and geothermal activity - rift zones, subduction zones, and hot spots

    Hard Rock vs. Sedimentary Geothermal Reservoirs
    • Characteristics of hard rock geothermal systems
    • Crystalline basement reservoirs - fracture controlled permeability
    • Geothermal gradients in volcanic and metamorphic settings
    • Fluid movement in fractured igneous and metamorphic rocks

    Characteristics of Sedimentary Geothermal Systems
    • Permeability in sandstone, limestone, and shale formations
    • Thermal storage potential of porous rock reservoirs
    • Basin scale geothermal systems and aquifer hosted geothermal reservoirs

    Comparing Hard Rock & Sedimentary Systems
    • Drilling and well design challenges in different geological settings
    • Reservoir management and sustainability considerations
    • Case studies from volcanic, crystalline, and sedimentary geothermal fields

    Structural Controls & Reservoir Permeability
    • Geothermal structural geology
    • Tectonic & structural controls on geothermal systems
    • Normal, reverse, and strikes slip fault systems
    • Fracture permeability in geothermal reservoirs
    • The role of igneous intrusions in geothermal heat sources

    Understanding Geothermal Permeability & Fluid Flow
    • Primary vs. secondary permeability in geothermal reservoirs
    • The role of faulting and fracturing in fluid movement
    • How permeability affects heat extraction efficiency

    Hydrogeology of Geothermal Systems
    • Principles of geothermal hydrogeology
    • Groundwater recharge and flow in geothermal systems
    • Influence of reservoir porosity and permeability on fluid circulation
    • Pressure and temperature gradients in geothermal fields

    Reservoir Fluid Flow & Thermal Transport
    • Modelling fluid flow in porous and fractured geothermal reservoirs
    • Hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficients in geothermal aquifers
    • Heat loss mechanisms in geothermal systems

    Exploration Techniques & Geochemical Analysis
    • Geothermal resource exploration
    • Geophysical methods for geothermal exploration
    • Magnetotellurics (MT) and resistivity surveys
    • Seismic reflection and refraction for reservoir imaging
    • Gravity and magnetic surveys in geothermal fields

    Remote Sensing & GIS in Geothermal Exploration
    • Satellite based thermal imaging for geothermal prospecting
    • Integrating remote sensing with field based exploration
    • Case studies of successful geothermal exploration using remote sensing

    Geochemistry & Fluid Analysis
    • Chemistry of geothermal fluids
    • Major ions and trace elements in geothermal brines
    • Water rock interaction and mineral scaling
    • Gas geochemistry - CO2, H2S, and noble gases
    • Reservoir geochemistry for sustainability
    • Geochemical tracers for fluid flow tracking
    • Predicting reservoir depletion and mineral precipitation
    • Scaling and corrosion in geothermal production wells

    Conceptual Modelling & Well Design Considerations
    • Building a geothermal conceptual model
    • Integrating geological, geophysical & geochemical data
    • Using data to define geothermal reservoir boundaries
    • Developing 3D conceptual models of geothermal systems
    • Predicting reservoir performance & heat extraction
    • Reservoir temperature and pressure modelling
    • Estimating long-term heat sustainability

    Geothermal Project Development & Risk Management
    • Risk assessment & sustainable resource management
    • Environmental & social considerations
    • Land use and ecological impact of geothermal projects
    • Water usage and reinjection challenges

    Legal & Regulatory Frameworks
    • Geothermal permitting and compliance regulations
    • International case studies of geothermal policy implementation


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