CCUS Well Design and Monitoring (DRI61)
Description
This course provides a comprehensive overview of the integrity of wells exposed to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the context of Carbon Capture Utilisation - for enhanced oil recovery - and Storage (CCUS). Geological CO2 storage is a proven technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from sources such as coal power plants, cement kilns, and steel mills.
Wells are widely considered the most critical containment element, especially older wells that are not used for CO2 injection or for monitoring the plume propagation within the storage reservoir. The main reason for this perceived risk is the high corrosion rate of carbon steel when exposed to wet CO2, and the tendency of Portland cement to react with the gas.
The advanced course content builds on 20 years of experience in carbon storage, both in the development and deployment of technologies. First-hand, in-depth knowledge of the subject enables us to debunk myths and focus on the real challenges of wells encountering CO2.
The course starts with a review of the fundamentals of carbon utilisation and storage, and the market drivers, before discussing the behaviour of CO2, and its modification by water and impurities.
After analysing the effect of the gas on cement, steel, and rock, the focus will be placed on wells, old and new, and how their characteristics can make them vulnerable to a loss of integrity throughout all stages of their life cycle.
Monitoring technologies and techniques, from pressure testing to logging, are also discussed, before looking at how regulations and standards affect the evaluation of old wells and the construction of new ones. Monitoring, of course, is not only about logging: wells are the conduit for most reservoir monitoring technologies, and wide-area geophysical monitoring is also briefly discussed, especially in light of the implications for containment assurance.
Course Level: Skill / Advanced
Duration: 3 days
Wells are widely considered the most critical containment element, especially older wells that are not used for CO2 injection or for monitoring the plume propagation within the storage reservoir. The main reason for this perceived risk is the high corrosion rate of carbon steel when exposed to wet CO2, and the tendency of Portland cement to react with the gas.
The advanced course content builds on 20 years of experience in carbon storage, both in the development and deployment of technologies. First-hand, in-depth knowledge of the subject enables us to debunk myths and focus on the real challenges of wells encountering CO2.
The course starts with a review of the fundamentals of carbon utilisation and storage, and the market drivers, before discussing the behaviour of CO2, and its modification by water and impurities.
After analysing the effect of the gas on cement, steel, and rock, the focus will be placed on wells, old and new, and how their characteristics can make them vulnerable to a loss of integrity throughout all stages of their life cycle.
Monitoring technologies and techniques, from pressure testing to logging, are also discussed, before looking at how regulations and standards affect the evaluation of old wells and the construction of new ones. Monitoring, of course, is not only about logging: wells are the conduit for most reservoir monitoring technologies, and wide-area geophysical monitoring is also briefly discussed, especially in light of the implications for containment assurance.
Course Level: Skill / Advanced
Duration: 3 days
Designed for you, if you are...
- A drilling, well integrity, cementing, or production engineer
- A reservoir engineer
- Any professional from industry, government, or non-governmental organisations who wishes to understand what makes a well safe in the presence of CO2
How we build your confidence
The course is highly interactive, participative, and hands-on, supported by real-life examples and case studies. Its open and relaxed atmosphere provides significant opportunities to exchange experiences with peers and start finding answers to actual challenges in a collaborative setting.The benefits from attending
By the end of the course you will feel confident in your understanding of:- CCUS market drivers
- CO2 behaviour, from the surface to the reservoir
- Existing and new technologies and materials, including making peace with Portland cement
- Why geology is cement’s best friend
- How to design an effective monitoring program
- How to assess and manage well risk
Topics
Setting the Stage: why CCUS?- Carbon capture, transport, and injection vs. produced carbon
- Options for capture and transport
- Regulation and market forces: carbon markets in the EU and elsewhere
Setting the Stage: CO2 Geological Storage and Utilisation
- Storage options: depleted O&G fields and deep saline formations
- Alternative options: coal-bed methane and mineralisation
- Enhanced oil recovery and CO2 utilisation
- Storage performance factors: capacity, injectivity, and containment
- Worldwide experience from EOR, pilot and commercial projects
Carbon Dioxide Behaviour in Wells and Reservoir
- Thermodynamic behaviour of CO2 and equations of state
- Effect of contaminants and water
- The challenges of Joule-Thomson
- Injectivity gap
- Behaviour of a free CO2 column: heat pipe and distillation
- Injection strategies from pipelines and boats
- Near wellbore: salting out and hydrates
- CO2 leaks, blow-outs, and the challenges of very cold gases
Carbon Dioxide and Well Materials
- Sweet corrosion and the difficulty of predicting rates
- Managing CO2 corrosion and the choice of metallurgy
- Controlling CO2 dryness and the lessons from EOR
- Cement and CO2: reaction, sure, but degradation?
- Alternatives to Portland cement
- CO2-rock interaction
- Elastomers and CO2
Cement Integrity and Pathways
- Well as a structure, and integrity failure modes
- Slurry placement: mud channels and low top of cement
- Slurry setting: fluid migration
- Solid cement: microannuli
- Why cracks exist and why they don’t matter
Microannuli and CO2
- Three types of microannuli: which ones are bad?
- When do microannuli appear and why?
- Microannuli and CO2: does it get better or worse?
- Creeping formations and well integrity
Designing New Wells for CO2 Injection
- Different challenges for injectors, monitoring, and abandoned wells
- Choice of cement systems
- Use of corrosion-resistant alloys
- Harnessing creeping formations
Assessing Abandoned Wells
- Qualitative evaluation and REX-CO2
- Quantitative risk-based assessment
- Using mechanical and flow models
Well Monitoring - Testing and Logging
- IEAGHG and monitoring techniques
- Current and future logging tools
- What logs can tell us about cement and defects
- Qualitative and quantitative log interpretation: can we see a CO2 leak?
- Corrosion logging
- Mechanical integrity and pressure testing
Repairing Annular Isolation
- Troubleshooting cement: what pathway is causing the leak?
- Squeeze and other repair techniques: Perf Wash Cement, resins, etc
- Why fixing an empty annulus is easy and you should forget about microannuli
Regulations and Standards
- Existing standards: NORSOK and Oil & Gas UK
- CO2-specific standards: ISO 27914
- Regulation in the US and EU
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HOT Engineering GmbH Tel: +43 3842 43 0 53-0 Fax +43 3842 43 0 53-1 hot@hoteng.com
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